1934 the Imperial Japanese Navy (Kaigun Koku Hombu) prepared a specification for a new carrier-born fighter.
This plane should be able to fullfill the following benchmarks:
The new fighter should replace the becoming obsolete carrier-based biplane Nakajima A2N1.
These specifications were extremly challenging, because they were surpassing the specifications of the carrier-based fighters of all other nations.
Mitsubishi assigned the design to the 31 years old Jiro Horikoshi.
His first prototype, flying on February 4th 1935, far exceeded the requirements of the specification. It has a maximum speed of 449 km/h (280 mph).
It took 3 further years before this record was broken.
1936 the first A5M1 entered service.
In summer 1937 the first air battles over China occured, when A5M-fighters of the aircraft-carrier shot down several chinesische Curtiss Hawk II and III fighters.
Like their german counterparts, who used the Spanish Civil War was a testbed for their designs, Japan also improved their designs during the war in China.
A5M2 and improved A5M4 were operating in raising numbers from carriers as also from land-based airfields.
Japanese pilots were by far better trained than the chinese pilots. So the kill-ratio was 11:1 in favor of the Japanese.
The Chinese had technically inferior planes. like the P-26 or the biplane Curtiss Hawk II and III.
But even modern designs of the Chinese Air Force, like the british Gloster Gladiator or the soviet I-152 and I-16 were shot down in high numbers by the A5M.
The Imperial Navy also increased the range of their fighters by the development of modern drop-tanks.
Finally the cylindric 210-Liter-tanks were created. The other nations didnt realized, that by this achievement Japan became the leading nation for long-range fighter-operations.
All these findings were used by Jiro Horikoshi for his next design: The legendary Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero, which was a superior fighter plane until the end of 1942.
The A5M4 was replaced by the more effective A6M2 Zero.
They were used as trainers and at the end of the war even as kamikaze planes.
The replacement with the A6M2 Zero was not complete, when imperial japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
So during the first months of the Pacific War some units still used the A5M4:
Examples:
1355 A5M-fighters were built.
MITSUBISHI A5M4
W-101 , SORYU, Nov. 1938 - Dez. 1939
Houkoku-Nr. 260
Diese Maschine operierte vom Flugzeugträger Soryu und wurde von Leutnant Tamotsu Yokoyama geflogen.
Wie die meisten A5M-Piloten wechselte Yokoyama später auf die Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero und wurde zum Fliegerass. Er überlebte den Krieg.
This plane was operating from the aircraft carrier Soryu and was flown by Lt. Tamotsu Yokoyama.
As most of the A5M-pilots Yokoyama later was fling the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero and became an fighter ace. Her surviced the war.
MITSUBISHI A5M4
W-102 , SORYU, Nov. 1938 - Dez. 1939
Houkoku-Nr. 261
Diese Maschine operierte vom Flugzeugträger Soryu und wurde von Matsuo Hagiri geflogen.
Hagiri wechselte später auf die Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero und überlebte den Krieg mit 13 bestätigten Abschüssen.
This plane, operating from the carrier Soryu, was flown by Matsuo Hagiri.
He later was flying Mitsubishi A6M2. With 13 kills he survived the war as a fighter-ace.
MITSUBISHI A5M4
W-103 , SORYU, Nov. 1938 - Dez. 1939
Houkoku-Nr. 266
Diese Maschine operierte vom Flugzeugträger Soryu und wurde von Hideo Oishi geflogen.
Mit bestätigten 6 Abschüssen fiel Hideo Oishi im Juni 1944 in seiner Mitsubishi A6M Zero der 201st Kokutai im Kampf über den Philippinen.
Hideo Oishi was fusing this plane, operating from the carrier Soryu.
With 6 confirmed kills Hideo Oishi was KIA in June 1944 over the Philippines, flying his Mitsubishi A6M Zero of the 201st Kokutai.
MITSUBISHI A5M4
W-121 , SORYU, Dezember 1939
Houkoku-Nr. 307
Diese Maschine trägt eine spezielle Bemalung, welches im Rahmen von Luftkampfmanövern verwendet wurde.
This plane was painted with special air battle drill markings.
Die japanischen Flugzeuge der späten 30er-Jahre waren oft besonders farbenprächtig lackiert.
Die im Folgenden dargestellten A5M4 verzichteten auf eine Tarnfarbe und behielten ihre Aluminium-Oberfläche bei.
Lediglich die Triebwerksverkleidung war als Blendschutz schwarz und das Leitwerk sowie die Höhenruder rot bemalt und mit weißen Nummern versehen.
Houkoku / Aikoku
In Japan war es zudem nicht unüblich, dass private Organisationen oder Firmen Kriegsgerät für die Marine oder für das Heer als "patriotisches Geschenk" finanzierten.
Um diese Anstrengungen zu würdigen, wurden auf diesen Flugzeugen oft an prominenter Stelle eine Nummer angebracht, welche entsprechend als patriotische Spende registriert war. Auch der Name der Spender wurde angebracht.
Spenden an die Kaiserlich Japanische Marine wurden Houkoku genannt - die an das Kaiserlich Japanische Heer bezeichnete man als Aikoku. Bis 1945 waren mindestens 5887 Houkoku-Spenden registriert - dazu kommen nochmals die Aikoku-Spenden.
Die zwischen 1937 und 1939 an der chinesischen Front vom Flugzeugträger Soryu eingesetzten Houkoku-Flugzeuge trugen die Registrierungsnummer an den Rumpfseiten, sowie in sehr großen Buchstaben und Zahlen auf ihren Tragflächen:
Japanese planes of the late 30ties often used gorgeous colours.
The A5M4 shown below did not use a camouflage. Instead they kept the aluminium colour. The tail was painted in red and white numbers were put in place. The engine cowling was painted in black for anti-glare reasons.
Houkoku / Aikoku Patriotic Presentation Numbered Aircraft
Japanese companies, civilian volunteer groups and private donors funded the purchase of military equipment for the Navy and Army. This equipment was assigned with a numeric patriotic presentation number and also the donor's name.
Donations for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) were called Houkoku Gou and those for the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) Aikoku Gou.
At least 5887 donations were registered alone for the Navy.
Between 1937 und 1939 many planes operating from the aircraft carrier Soryu against China were Houkoku-donations.
These planes had the registration-numbers on the fuselage and also in large size on the wings:
Anmerkung:
Ich beziehe seit Jahren Abziehbilder für meine 1:200-Modelle von Miscmini.com.
Dort verfügbar sind auch hochdetaillierte und historisch genaue Abziehbilder für die A5M4 des Flugzeugträgers Soryu.
Link zur Homepage und dem Shop: https://miscmini.com/
Note:
One of my most preferred decals site for 1/200-scale-miniatures is Miscmini.com.
Here also highly detailed and historic accurate decals for the A5M4, operating from the Soryu, are available.
Link to the homepage and the shop: https://miscmini.com/
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NOTE:
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